Rashidun Caliphate

"Khilafat-e-Rashida" refers to the first four Caliphs who succeeded Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. This era (11 AH – 40 AH) is considered the Gold Standard of Islamic governance, characterized by justice, simplicity, and adherence to the Quran and Sunnah.

He was the closest companion of the Prophet ﷺ and the first adult male to accept Islam.

• Appointment: Selected by consensus (Ijma) at Saqifah.
• Ridda Wars: Successfully defeated the false prophets and tribes that refused to pay Zakat.
• Quran: Ordered the first compilation of the Quran into book form.
• Legacy: Known for his unwavering truthfulness (Siddiq) and stability during crisis.

Known as Al-Farooq (The Distinguisher between Truth and Falsehood). His era saw massive expansion and administrative reforms.

• Administration: Established the Police (Shurta), Courts, and the Treasury (Bayt al-Mal).
• Justice: Famous for his strict justice; even the Caliph was answerable to the law.
• Expansion: Islam reached Persia, Syria, and Egypt.
• Welfare: Introduced allowances for the poor, widows, and children.

Known as Dhun-Nurayn (Possessor of Two Lights). His era was marked by economic prosperity.

• Standardization of Quran: Distributed standard copies of the Quran to all provinces to ensure unity.
• Naval Power: Established the first Muslim Navy.
• Expansion: Conquests continued into North Africa and Cyprus.
• Martyrdom: He was martyred while reciting the Quran in his home by rebels.

The cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet ﷺ, known for his immense knowledge and bravery.

• Challenges: His caliphate faced internal civil strife (Fitna).
• Battles: Faced the Battle of Camel (Jamal) and Siffin with wisdom and patience.
• Governance: Moved the capital to Kufa (Iraq) to better manage the empire.
• Knowledge: Known as the "Gateway to the City of Knowledge."

During these 30 years, Islam transformed from a regional power in Arabia to a global superpower.

• Persia (Sassanids): Completely conquered.
• Byzantine (Rome): Syria, Palestine, and Egypt were liberated.
• Policy: No forced conversions. Non-Muslims were protected and given religious freedom.